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Merlin

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Merlin

Our most diminutive falcon, the merlin is a pretty bird of prey. It chases small birds, flying low to the ground or hovering in the breeze because of its small size. Resident merlins are joined in winter by Icelandic migrants.

Scientific name

Falco columbarius

When to see

January to December

Species information

Statistics

Length: 26-31cm
Wingspan: 56cm
Weight: 180-230g
Average lifespan: 3 years
Classified in the UK as Red under the Birds of Conservation Concern 5: the Red List for Birds (2021). Protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.

About

The merlin is a small falcon, not much bigger than a blackbird. Merlins feed on small birds, especially meadow pipits which they chase in flight, low to the ground. Their small size also allows them to 'hang' in the breeze as they pursue their prey. They nest on the ground, among the heather. In the winter, our merlin population increases as breeding birds are joined by migrants from Iceland in search of warmer climes.

How to identify

Male merlins are blue-grey above, with a grey head and orangey-cream underparts that are streaked in black. Females are mainly grey-brown, with dark streaking underneath. Merlins have blunt tails and compact, broad-based wings that are pointed at the tip.

Distribution

Nests on moorlands in North and South West England, Wales and Scotland; winters on coastal marshes and farmland in the lowlands.

Did you know?

The merlin is the smallest European falcon. Its diminutive size made it a popular choice for lady falconers and was used in the 20th century for lark-hawking.